Study in the USA: your university application, step by step
From Harvard to Purdue, from liberal arts colleges to large state universities: how to apply from Türkiye to bachelor's and master's programmes in the USA, how to prepare the Common App and essays, where SAT and AP come in, and how scholarships and the F-1 visa work — all managed in one plan.
Why United States?
Flexible majors
At most universities the major is declared in the first 1–2 years; double majors, minors and switching fields are a natural part of the system.
Holistic review
Admission is based on more than grades and scores: essays, activities, references and the student's story all count. A strong profile isn't reduced to one number.
Need- and merit-based aid
A limited number of universities give international students full need-based aid; at many private universities merit scholarships can cut tuition substantially.
Campus life and OPT
An immersive campus experience with halls, clubs and research; after graduation, OPT allows 12 months of work (up to 36 in STEM fields).
The education system in the United States
US higher education has no central system: each university sets its own admission criteria, tuition and calendar. A bachelor's usually takes 4 years and starts with a broad general-education foundation.
| Level | Length | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Associate degree (community college) | 2 years | Lower tuition; "2+2" transfer into a 4-year university is possible |
| Bachelor's | 4 years · ~120 credits | BA / BS; the major is usually declared by the end of year 2; liberal arts colleges sit at this level too |
| Master's | 1-2 years | MS / MA / MBA; bachelor's + GRE / GMAT (programme-dependent) + references |
| PhD | 4-6 years | Often entered directly after a bachelor's; usually funded through assistantships |
Public universities (University of Michigan, UC Berkeley, Purdue, University of Texas…) are state-funded; out-of-state and international students pay higher tuition but intakes are large. Private universities (Harvard, MIT, Stanford, NYU, Boston University…) carry a higher sticker price, but need- and merit-based aid is usually strongest there. Liberal arts colleges (Amherst, Williams, Bowdoin…) are undergraduate-focused institutions with small classes and close academic contact. The academic year starts late August–September on a two-semester or three-quarter system, and grading relies on continuous assessment (homework, quizzes, midterms, finals).
How to apply to a university in the United States
1. Build a balanced university list
A reach / match / safe list of 8–12 universities is built around programme, budget, city and aid chances; each one's application platform, test policy and supplemental essays are noted separately.
2. Plan the tests and language exam
SAT (or ACT) is targeted in 1–2 sittings in grade 11; AP courses show curriculum rigour. TOEFL / IELTS / Duolingo is completed in whichever format the target universities accept, by autumn of grade 12.
3. Common App and essays
A profile is opened on Common App (900+ colleges), Coalition or the university's own portal (e.g. the UC Application for California); the 650-word personal essay and university-specific supplements are drafted over the summer and reviewed together in autumn.
4. Activities list and references
The 10-item activities list, any honours and the school report are prepared; 2 teacher references plus the counselor's are requested, and transcript / diploma translations are coordinated with the school.
5. Submit: Early and Regular rounds
Early Decision (binding) or Early Action usually by 1 November (some 15 November), Regular Decision 1–15 January; the UC system closes on 30 November. Financial-aid forms (CSS Profile / ISFAA) go in on the same calendar. Dates are re-announced by each university every year.
6. Offers, decision and the F-1 visa
Decisions arrive in December (Early) and March–April (Regular); by 1 May the place is confirmed with a deposit at one university. Then the I-20, SEVIS fee and consulate visa appointment are scheduled.
Admission requirements
Academic
- High-school transcript (grades 9–12) and the diploma on graduation; English translation certified by the school
- Course rigour counts as much as GPA: AP, IB or the school's most demanding curriculum
- The school report completed by the counselor and the mid-year report
- For a master's: bachelor's degree, transcript, GRE / GMAT for most programmes and a statement of purpose
Language
- TOEFL iBT usually 90–100; 100+ at selective universities
- IELTS Academic 6.5–7.0; sub-score minimums may apply
- Duolingo English Test accepted by many universities (typically 120–130); check each target's list
- Some universities waive the requirement for a high SAT Reading & Writing score or an English-medium high school
Entrance tests
- SAT (digital, out of 1600) or ACT: many universities remain test-optional, but selective schools such as MIT, Harvard, Yale, Dartmouth and Brown have required scores again since the 2025–26 cycle — verify each university's current policy
- AP exams: not compulsory, but scores of 4–5 strengthen the profile and can earn credit / placement
- Portfolio or audition for art, music and architecture; optional interviews at some universities
- For a master's: GRE (engineering / sciences) or GMAT (business); increasingly optional
Documents
- The Common App personal essay (650 words) and university-specific supplemental essays
- 2 subject-teacher references + the counselor's (submitted electronically via Common App)
- Activities list (10 entries) and honours; an extra CV / portfolio where relevant
- Passport, proof of funds (bank letter) and financial-aid forms (CSS Profile or ISFAA)
Application calendar
Dates vary by university and programme; this table shows the general flow. Confirm exact deadlines on the target university's page.
| Period | What happens |
|---|---|
| Grade 11 (January – June) | SAT sittings (March, May, June), AP exams (May), first university list, activity profile and summer plan |
| Summer (July – August) | Common App profile, personal-essay drafts, TOEFL / IELTS; reference requests sent to teachers |
| September – November (grade 12) | Supplemental essays, final SAT (August / October), Early Decision / Early Action submission (1 November), UC application (30 November), CSS Profile |
| December – January | Early decisions (mid-December), Regular Decision submission (1–15 January), mid-year report sent |
| March – August | Regular decisions and aid offers (March–April), deposit by 1 May, I-20 and SEVIS, visa interview (June–July), housing and orientation (August) |
Tuition and living costs in the United States
The USA is among the most expensive options for tuition, but the sticker price and the net cost after aid can differ widely. Budgeting is always done together with aid chances, using the universities' net-price calculators.
| Item | Yearly range | Note |
|---|---|---|
| State university tuition (out-of-state / international) | $25,000 – 45,000 | Near the top of the band at Michigan, UC, Purdue; community college $8,000 – 15,000 |
| Private university tuition | $45,000 – 65,000+ | Sticker price; need- or merit-based aid can bring the net figure down substantially |
| Living (New York, Boston, California) | $16,000 – 25,000 | $1,400 – 2,000 a month; on-campus housing and meal plan included |
| Living (Midwest, South, smaller campus towns) | $12,000 – 18,000 | $1,000 – 1,500 a month; lower in campus towns such as West Lafayette or Ann Arbor |
| One-off | $2,000 – 4,000 | SEVIS fee, visa fee, health insurance ($1,500 – 3,000 a year), test and application fees, flights |
Figures are approximate ranges as of 2026 and vary by university, city and programme. Always confirm current numbers on the university's and the official bodies' pages.
Scholarships and funding
In the USA, aid is shaped by the university: a small number give international students full need-based support, while many private universities offer merit scholarships. Aid for internationals at state universities is limited.
Need-based financial aid
A small group — Harvard, Yale, Princeton, MIT, Amherst, Dartmouth, Bowdoin — review international applicants need-blind and meet full calculated need; many other private universities are need-aware and give limited support. Applications go in with the CSS Profile or ISFAA form and family income documents, by the admission deadline.
University merit scholarships
Many private universities — Boston University, NYU, Northeastern, University of Miami, Tulane — and some state universities (e.g. Alabama, Arizona State) award merit scholarships of roughly $10,000 – 30,000 a year based on GPA and SAT; most need no separate application, some have an earlier deadline.
Fulbright Türkiye
The Turkish Fulbright Commission's master's and PhD grants cover tuition, living costs, insurance and flights; they don't apply to bachelor's study. Applications usually open in spring for the following year.
EducationUSA advising centres
The US State Department's official advising network; centres in Istanbul and Ankara provide scholarship lists, university fairs and official application information. An official, impartial resource that complements the consultancy process.
Well-known universities
A selection of universities Turkish students often apply to — a starting point, not a ranking.
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Private; need-blind admission and full need-based aid for internationals
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Engineering, science and computing; SAT/ACT required, need-blind
Stanford University
Stanford, California
Engineering, computer science, business; inside Silicon Valley
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, California
Public; apply via the UC Application (30 November), engineering and sciences
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Large public university; engineering, business (Ross), a campus town
New York University (NYU)
New York
Private; business (Stern), arts (Tisch), social sciences; city campus
Boston University
Boston, Massachusetts
Private; wide programme range, merit scholarships for internationals
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
Public; engineering and aerospace, relatively low living costs
Visa and residence permit
Turkish citizens need an F-1 student visa for full-time bachelor's and master's study. The process starts with the I-20 issued by the university and ends with the consulate interview; there is no separate residence-permit card — status is maintained through the I-20 and the SEVIS record.
- Application: after the deposit is paid and financial documents are sent, the university issues the I-20; the SEVIS I-901 fee (about $350) is paid, the DS-160 form is completed and the visa fee (about $185) is paid. The interview is held at the Embassy in Ankara or the Consulate General in Istanbul, usually June–July; appointment waits can grow over the summer. Fees are updated yearly.
- Documents: I-20, SEVIS receipt, DS-160 confirmation page, passport, admission letter, proof of funds covering the first year's tuition + living costs (bank letter, scholarship letter), transcript and test scores.
- Entry and status: entry no earlier than 30 days before classes start; full-time enrolment is mandatory and every address / programme change is reported to the international student office (DSO).
- Work: on campus up to 20 hours a week during term; off-campus work only after the first year, with CPT (internship) authorisation.
- After graduation: OPT gives 12 months of work authorisation, with a 24-month extension for STEM majors (36 months in total). After that, an employer-sponsored H-1B visa comes into play.
For the current document list, fees and appointment information check travel.state.gov and tr.usembassy.gov.
How Studrise helps with your United States application
From choosing the country to the visa file — one consultant, one calendar.
Country & programme fit
A balanced university list
The application file
Exam plan
Calendar & follow-up
After the offer
START HERE
Free consultation for United States
Let's talk profile, target programme and budget, and settle which universities are realistic in the first call.
The first call is free; plan and price are settled in the call.
Academic preparation is part of the same plan
The coaching plan runs on the same calendar as the student's SAT, IELTS, AP and IB preparation; when needed, one-on-one lessons with expert teachers and Studrise AI Courses are added to the programme.
Frequently asked questions
Let's plan your United States application together
In a free first call we look at where the student stands and what they aim for, propose a roadmap, and share the scope and price clearly.
Other countries
Countries students with a similar profile usually compare alongside this one.
North America
Study in Canada
Direct entry on a Turkish high-school diploma, co-op (paid work-term) programmes; up to 3 years of post-study work via PGWP and a path to residency.
Europe
Study in United Kingdom
Three-year bachelor's, one-year master's and a single UCAS application; foundation or IB / AP / A-Level routes from a Turkish diploma.
Europe
Study in Netherlands
One of Europe's widest ranges of English-taught programmes, central registration via Studielink and a one-year orientation permit after graduation.